Greg Martin
How do bacteria infect plants and how do plants defend themselves from such attacks?
The long-term goal of research in the Martin laboratory is to use knowledge gained about the molecular basis of plant-pathogen interactions to develop plants with increased natural resistance to diseases. Such plants would require fewer applications of pesticides producing economic and environmental benefits while providing food for consumers with less pesticide residue.
The Martin laboratory studies the molecular basis of bacterial infection processes and the plant immune system. The research focuses on speck disease which is caused by the infection of tomato leaves with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. This is an economically important disease that can decrease both the yield and quality of tomato fruits. It also serves as an excellent experimental system for studying the molecular mechanisms that underlie plant-pathogen interactions and how they have evolved. Many experimental resources, including an increasing number of genome sequences, are available for both tomato and P. s. pv. tomato. Current work relies on diverse experimental approaches involving methods derived from the fields of biochemistry, bioinformatics, cell biology, forward and reverse genetics, genomics, molecular biology, plant breeding, plant pathology and structural biology.
Research in the Martin lab is supported, in part, by: USDA-BARD IS-4931-16C, NSF IOS-1451754 and NSF-IOS-1546625
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In the interaction of Pseudomonas with tomato, the plant responds rapidly to a potential infection by detecting certain conserved molecules expressed by the pathogen. At this stage, the pathogen uses a specialized secretion system to deliver virulence proteins, such as AvrPto and AvrPtoB, into the plant cell. These pathogen proteins suppress early host defenses and thereby promote disease susceptibility. Some tomato varieties express a resistance gene, Pto, which encodes a protein that detects the presence of AvrPto or AvrPtoB and activates a second strong immune system that halts the progression of bacterial speck disease.
The Martin lab is currently studying many aspects of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the bacterial infection process and the plant response to infection. One project takes advantage of the genetic natural variation present in wild relatives of tomato to identify new genes that contribute to plant immunity. These genes provide insights into the plant immune system and also can be bred into new tomato varieties to enhance disease resistance. A second project relies on next-generation sequencing methods to identify tomato genes whose expression increases during the interaction with P. s. pv. tomato. The expression of these genes is then reduced by using virus-induced gene silencing or the genes are mutated using CRISPR/Cas9 to test whether they make a demonstrable contribution to immunity.
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Martin Lab Pedigree
Evolution of immunity
Evolution of pathogen recognition and defense responses in wild species of tomato and tomato heirloom varieties.
Pattern-triggered immunity
The plant immune system 1: Mechanisms underlying recognition and response to microbe-associated molecular patterns.
Effector-triggered immunity
The plant immune system II: Mechanisms underlying recognition and response to pathogen effector proteins.
AvrPto virulence mechanisms
Virtulence mechanisms of the AvrPto effector protein from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.
Methods to study plant immunity
Development of methods and resources to study the plant immune system.
Nicotiana benthamiana genome project
Nicotiana benthamiana genome project.
Protocols
Inaugural BTI Alumni Recognition Awards
It is with great enthusiasm and pride that Boyce Thompson Institute (BTI) will recognize the first recipients of BTI’s Alumni Recognition Awards during the 2019 PGS Career Symposium on April 26, 2019. Several highly qualified individuals were nominated for the inaugural awards, and the selection committee underwent considerable deliberation before identifying three early career awardees […] Read more »
New CRISPR database to catalyze collaborations
Recently developed gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas enable scientists to figure out the functions of myriad plant genes. While these studies could eventually lead to the creation of crops with improved traits like increased disease resistance or higher yield, researchers first need a good way to keep track of the increasingly large amounts of resulting […] Read more »
Hot tomatoes! MPMI Cover features BTI research
This month, the cover of Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions features a publication by Simon Schwizer from the Martin Lab at BTI that furthers our understanding of how tomatoes are able to resist infection by Pseudomonas syringae, the causal agent of bacterial speck, a common disease in upstate NY. Read more »
More news about the Martin Lab
A New Method for Studying Plant-Germ Warfare, Oct 7, 2016
Collaboration to Identify New Sources of Disease Resistance in Tomato, Sep 12, 2016
New System in Tomato’s Defense against Bacterial Speck Disease, Sep 1, 2016
BTI Faculty Honor Former Advisor, Steve Tanksley, Jun 16, 2016
BTI Intern Picks Up Awards on His Way to Berkeley, May 9, 2016
The “Speck”-ter Haunting New York Tomato Fields, Nov 9, 2015
Scientists Find New Tool for Pathogen to Pillage Plants, Jun 15, 2015
Patrick Boyle Off to Private Sectore, Dec 3, 2014
André Velasquez Receives Prestigious McClintock Award, Mar 14, 2012
At the Frontline of a Plant-Pathogen Molecular Arms Race, Dec 8, 2011
Salmonella and Tomato Infection Interactions to Be Investigated, Jul 28, 2011
Invasion of the Plant Pathogens, Apr 5, 2011
Dr. Gregory Martin to Receive Award for Excellence in Molecular Plant Pathology, Jul 6, 2010
Identifying natural variation in the plant immune system using cultivated and wild species of tomato and investigating the underlying mechanisms through gene mapping-by-sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing methods.
The Martin laboratory studies the molecular basis of plant immunity and bacterial pathogenesis. Our focus is on the infection of tomato by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato as this interaction results in bacterial speck, an economically important disease, and also serves as a powerful model system for understanding fundamental mechanisms involved in plant-pathogen biology. On the bacterial side, we study virulence proteins and associated mechanisms that the pathogen uses to interfere with the plant immune response. On the plant side, we identify and characterize genes, proteins and molecular mechanisms that play a role in host immunity and susceptibility. Our work relies on natural variation for these traits that is present in cultivated tomato and in the 12 wild relatives of tomato that originated in South America. For the characterization of both plant and bacterial genes and proteins, we use a variety of experimental approaches including biochemistry, bioinformatics, genetics, genomics, molecular biology, and structural biology.
Examples of research projects in my laboratory include: 1) Using tomato varieties that have natural variation in their immune system to clone and characterize the genes responsible; 2) Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing methods to mutate immunity-associated genes and investigate alterations in the plant defense system; and 3) Investigating bacterial proteins that play a key role in promoting pathogenesis and virulence.
Representative publication: https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nph.15788
Interns in the Martin Lab are funded by NSF IOS-1451754 and REU-1358843.
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- Benjamin Carter
2018
- Alex Liu
2018
- Michaela Vachev
2017
- Juan Gonzalez
2015
- Elise Viox
2014
- John Debbie
2014
- Tesia Posekany
2013
- Dianiris Luciano Rosario
2012
- Sarah Lim
2011
- Samantha Mainiero
2010
- Adam Steinbrenner
2008
- Adam Bayless
2007
- Lillian Lewis
2006
- Scott Morrissey
2005
- Michelle Nicholson
2004